Rectal Cancer

Rectal cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cells of the rectum, which is the last several inches of the large intestine (colon) before the anus. Rectal cancer is similar to colon cancer, and together they are often referred to as colorectal cancer. These cancers arise from the abnormal growth and division of cells in the lining of the rectum.

Causes and Risk Factors:

The exact cause of rectal cancer is not well understood, but several risk factors may increase the likelihood of its development:

• Age: The risk of rectal cancer increases with age, and it is more common in individuals over 50.
• Family History: Having a first-degree relative (parent, sibling, or child) with colorectal cancer increases the risk.
• Personal History: A history of colorectal cancer or certain types of polyps can increase the risk.
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Chronic conditions such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease increase the risk.
• Inherited Syndromes: Certain genetic syndromes, such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or Lynch syndrome, can predispose individuals to colorectal cancer.
• Diet: A diet high in red and processed meats, low in fiber, and lacking in fruits and vegetables may contribute to an increased risk.
• Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and lack of physical activity are associated with a higher risk.

Symptoms:

The symptoms of rectal cancer can vary, and in the early stages, there may be no noticeable symptoms. Common symptoms may include:

• Changes in Bowel Habits: Persistent diarrhea or constipation, or a change in the consistency of stool.
• Rectal Bleeding or Blood in the Stool: Bright red or dark blood in the stool may indicate a problem.
• Abdominal Discomfort: Cramps, gas, pain, or feeling full, bloated, or that the bowel does not empty completely.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: A sudden and unexplained drop in weight.
• Fatigue: Feeling tired or weak, often attributed to anemia.