Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that develops in plasma cells, a type of white blood cell found in the bone marrow. These malignant plasma cells can crowd out normal, healthy blood cells, leading to various complications. Multiple myeloma is considered a relatively rare cancer, but it is the second most common blood cancer after leukemia.

Causes and Risk Factors:

The exact cause of multiple myeloma is not well understood, but certain risk factors may increase the likelihood of its development:

• Age: Multiple myeloma is more common in older adults, with the majority of cases diagnosed in people over the age of 65.
• Gender: Men are slightly more likely than women to develop multiple myeloma.
• Race: African Americans are at a higher risk compared to other racial groups.
• Family History: Having a first-degree relative with multiple myeloma may increase the risk.
• Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS): MGUS is a condition where abnormal plasma cells are present in the bone marrow but do not meet the criteria for multiple myeloma. People with MGUS have a higher risk of developing multiple myeloma.
• Radiation Exposure: Previous exposure to high levels of radiation may be a risk factor./li>

Symptoms:

In the early stages, multiple myeloma may not cause noticeable symptoms. As the disease progresses, common symptoms may include:

• Bone Pain: Often in the spine or chest.
• Fatigue: Due to a decrease in normal blood cells.
• Frequent Infections: Weakened immune system.
• Weakness or Numbness: Especially in the legs.
• Kidney Problems: Excessive protein production can affect kidney function.
• Anemia: Resulting in weakness, fatigue, and shortness of breath.