Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the cells of the lungs. It is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. There are two main types of lung cancer: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC is more common, comprising about 85% of lung cancer cases, while SCLC is often more aggressive and grows more quickly.

Causes and Risk Factors:

The primary cause of lung cancer is cigarette smoking, which is responsible for the majority of cases. However, non-smokers can also develop lung cancer. Other risk factors include:

• Secondhand Smoke: Exposure to tobacco smoke from others can increase the risk.
• Radon Gas: Inhaling radon, a naturally occurring gas that can accumulate in buildings, increases the risk.
• Occupational Exposures: Certain workplace exposures to carcinogens like asbestos, arsenic, and diesel exhaust may increase the risk.
• Family History: A family history of lung cancer can contribute to an increased risk.
• Air Pollution: Prolonged exposure to high levels of air pollution may be a risk factor.
• Personal or Family History of Lung Disease: Chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), may increase the risk.

Symptoms:

The symptoms of lung cancer can vary, and they may not appear until the disease is advanced. Common symptoms include:

• Persistent Cough: Often worsening over time.
• Chest Pain: Pain in the chest, shoulder, or back unrelated to coughing.
• Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing or wheezing.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: A sudden and unexplained drop in weight.
• Hoarseness: Changes in the voice.
• Coughing Up Blood: Hemoptysis, or the presence of blood in the sputum.
• Fatigue: Feeling tired or weak.