Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a type of cancer that originates in the bone marrow and affects the blood-forming cells. It is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of myeloid cells, which are a type of white blood cell. CML is often associated with a specific genetic abnormality known as the Philadelphia chromosome.

Causes and Risk Factors:

The exact cause of CML is not well understood, but a genetic mutation plays a key role. In most cases, CML is associated with a translocation of genetic material between chromosomes 9 and 22, resulting in the creation of the Philadelphia chromosome. This translocation leads to the formation of a fusion gene called BCR-ABL, which produces an abnormal protein that promotes the uncontrolled growth of myeloid cells.

• Age: CML is more common in adults, with the average age of diagnosis being around 60 years.
• Gender: It affects both men and women, but there may be a slightly higher incidence in males.
• Radiation Exposure: Previous exposure to high levels of radiation may increase the risk.

Symptoms:

CML often progresses slowly, and some individuals may not experience noticeable symptoms in the early stages. Common symptoms may include:

• Fatigue and Weakness: Due to a decreased number of normal blood cells.
• Enlarged Spleen or Liver: Caused by the accumulation of leukemia cells.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: Often accompanied by loss of appetite.
• Night Sweats and Fever: Especially in later stages of the disease.
• Joint and Bone Pain: Resulting from the invasion of leukemia cells into bone marrow.