Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Most cases of cervical cancer are caused by persistent infection with high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). Cervical cancer is a preventable and treatable disease, especially when detected early through regular screenings.

Causes and Risk Factors:

• HPV Infection: Persistent infection with high-risk HPV types, especially HPV-16 and HPV-18, is the primary cause of cervical cancer.
• Smoking: Tobacco use increases the risk of cervical cancer.
• Weakened Immune System: Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or those taking immunosuppressive drugs, have an increased risk.
• Oral Contraceptives: Long-term use of birth control pills may slightly increase the risk.
• Multiple Pregnancies: Women who have had three or more full-term pregnancies may be at an increased risk.
• Family History: A history of cervical cancer in a first-degree relative may increase the risk.

Symptoms:

In the early stages, cervical cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include:

• Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding: Between periods, after menopause, or after sexual intercourse.
• Pelvic Pain: Pain during intercourse or at other times.
• Unexplained Weight Loss and Fatigue: Advanced stages of cancer may cause these symptoms.